Tax Consequences of Bankruptcy: Key Insights
Intro
Navigating the murky waters of bankruptcy can be daunting for anyone. When financial pressures mount to an unbearable height, declaring bankruptcy might seem like the only way out. However, what many don’t realize is that it doesn’t just wipe the slate clean; it has profound implications for your tax obligations. Understanding how bankruptcy interacts with your taxes is essential for charting a sustainable financial future. This article steps through the labyrinth of tax implications that come following a bankruptcy filing, equipping readers with valuable insights on how to manage and recover from their financial turmoil effectively.
Understanding Credit Status
What is Credit Status?
Your credit status represents your credentials in the financial world. It's like a report card of sorts, showing how well you've managed borrowing and repayment in the past. This status is pivotal, especially as you navigate the aftermath of bankruptcy, where your creditworthiness takes a serious hit.
Key Factors Affecting Credit Scores
Your credit score isn’t a singular entity; several elements come together to paint a complete picture:
- Payment History: Missing payments can dramatically drop your score. Consistency counts.
- Credit Utilization: The ratio of your credit card balance to the limit plays a crucial role. Lower is better.
- Length of Credit History: The longer you’ve managed credit responsibly, the more favorable your score.
- Types of Credit: A mix of installment loans and revolving credit displays your versatility as a borrower.
Importance of Knowing Your Credit Reports
It’s vital to keep a close eye on your credit standings. Regularly checking your credit reports allows you to catch errors or fraudulent activity before they snowball into significant issues. After bankruptcy, understanding your credit report could guide you in rebuilding your score effectively.
How to Obtain Your Credit Reports
Getting your hands on your credit reports is straightforward.
- Visit the Annual Credit Report site (www.annualcreditreport.com).
- You’re entitled to one free report from each major bureau—Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax—per year.
- Request and review your reports thoroughly for any discrepancies.
Tax Preparation and Filing Tips
Navigating your tax responsibilities after bankruptcy isn’t as simple as just filing your forms.
It requires diligence and knowledge.
Key Tax Terms Every Individual Should Know
Familiarize yourself with key tax terms that are crucial in your post-bankruptcy landscape. Terms like discharge, secured debt, and tax lien often show up in the context of bankruptcy. Understanding these will help demystify some of the processes you’ll face.
Deductions and Credits for Maximizing Refunds
Once you've filed for bankruptcy, you might still be eligible for certain tax deductions or credits, which can help ease your financial burden a tad. For example, the mortgage interest deduction, if applicable, is worth exploring. Keep tabs on any income tax laws that may evolve, particularly those designed to assist individuals recovering from financial setbacks.
Importance of Organizing Financial Documents
A well-organized approach to your financial documents is invaluable. Maintain a robust filing system for all relevant papers, from tax returns to receipts for deductions and credits you intend to claim. Staying organized not only helps during tax season but also simplifies potential audits.
Mistakes to Avoid During Tax Filing
Never underestimate the importance of attention to detail during tax season. Some common pitfalls include:
- Overlooking potential deductions
- Failing to report all sources of income
- Rushing through forms without double-checking them
Always remember, a little foresight and organization can save your skin during tax filing season.
Actionable Insights and Next Steps
Having a clear plan for your financial future after bankruptcy requires proactive steps. Here’s how to set yourself up for success:
Creating a Personalized Financial Plan
Develop a holistic financial plan that accounts not just for debt repayment, but also for rebuilding your savings and developing a robust credit path. Use tools, apps, or even spreadsheets to map out your income, expenses, and potential savings.
Resources for Continuous Learning
Educate yourself continuously about personal finance. Websites like NerdWallet, Investopedia and sections of financial institutions’ websites often provide substantial learning materials.
Importance of Monitoring Your Credit Status Regularly
Monitor your credit status post-bankruptcy, as consistency is key for rebuilding. Utilize credit monitoring services for alerts on changes to your score and new accounts opened in your name.
How to Track Progress and Set Goals
Set realistic short-term and long-term financial goals. Tracking your progress toward each goal will motivate you to stay on the right path. Consider breaking them down further into manageable chunks to avoid feeling overwhelmed.
By integrating these strategies into your post-bankruptcy life, you're not merely reacting to your financial situation; you're actively shaping a more secure future. Understanding and managing your tax responsibilities now becomes less about surviving and more about thriving.
Prelude to Bankruptcy and Taxes
Navigating the world of bankruptcy and taxes is like walking through a minefield; one misstep can lead to financial ruin or prolonged confusion. It’s crucial to understand these elements so individuals can better manage their expectations and responsibilities. This article sheds light on how bankruptcy intertwines with taxes, helping shed light on often-misunderstood implications that can arise.
Tax ramifications come into play during bankruptcy proceedings. Knowing what to expect can significantly ease the process. For example, some debts might be wiped clean, but certain tax liabilities could stick around, leading folks to believe they’re free and clear when they aren’t.
In a constantly changing financial landscape, grasping these concepts is beneficial in multiple ways. Understanding the processes aids in making informed decisions, thereby offering a path toward recovery. Furthermore, recognizing how tax responsibilities shift post-bankruptcy can set realistic expectations about what lies ahead. Knowledge is not just power; it’s a lifeline during daunting circumstances.
Defining Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy isn’t merely a legal term; it embodies a person’s deep-seated financial challenges. Essentially, it provides a legal mechanism for individuals or businesses to eliminate or repay debts under the protection of the federal bankruptcy court. There are different kinds of bankruptcy designed for various situations. Commonly, individuals encounter Chapter 7 or Chapter 13.
Chapter 7 allows for broader debt discharge in exchange for liquidating some assets, where available. However, Chapter 13 primarily offers a structured repayment plan that helps individuals keep their assets while catching up on debts over a three to five-year period. Understanding these distinctions ensures one is prepared for the type of bankruptcy chosen and its associated tax implications.
The Role of Taxes in Bankruptcy
Taxes play an ambiguous role in the bankruptcy landscape. On one hand, while some debts may vanish, tax obligations can linger. An essential aspect to remember is that income taxes can sometimes be discharged in bankruptcy, but they must meet stringent criteria.
It’s not just about taxes owed to the IRS; state and local taxes can also become complicated. For instance, specific timing and the nature of the tax debt will influence whether it can be discharged or settled during bankruptcy proceedings.
Here are key considerations regarding taxes and bankruptcy:
- Discharge Eligibility: Not all tax debts are eligible for discharge. Factors may include when the tax was assessed and whether the return was filed on time.
- Tax Refunds: Refunds issued for overpayments can be affected, as they may be considered part of your assets during bankruptcy.
- Post-Bankruptcy Obligations: Filing annual tax returns becomes a necessity even post-bankruptcy to avoid complications or penalties.
Understanding the tax side of bankruptcy can determine the duration of one’s recovery and the future financial stability. The clearer the picture, the better equipped individuals will be to plan for a financially sound future.
Types of Bankruptcy
When discussing bankruptcy, understanding the different types is essential. Each type offers unique benefits and considerations, shaping how individuals navigate their financial challenges.
Chapter Seven Bankruptcy
Chapter Seven bankruptcy, often termed as "liquidation bankruptcy," is one of the most common forms. The main aim is to afford a fresh start to individuals burdened with unmanageable debts.
Discharge of Debts
A significant aspect of Chapter Seven bankruptcy is the discharge of debts. This process means that most unsecured debts can be wiped clean, leaving the debtor without the constant pressure of repayment. It's an appealing option for those who are drowning in credit card bills or medical expenses. The key characteristic is that it clears debts quickly. While not everything can be discharged, many find solace knowing they can escape most of their financial woes in a matter of months.
However, the wave of relief may come at a price. Certain assets can be sold by a bankruptcy trustee to pay off creditors, which might sting a bit. Yet, many states offer exemptions that protect crucial assets, allowing individuals to keep what they need to rebuild their lives. This unique feature provides a mix of advantages but does necessitate foresight and thorough understanding.
Impact on Tax Liabilities
The impact on tax liabilities during Chapter Seven bankruptcy is another pivotal consideration. While many debts are discharged, tax obligations may not be as straightforward. Generally, unpaid income tax debts can be eliminated if certain conditions are met, notably the age of the tax debt and whether the tax return was filed on time. This aspect brings clarity to what individuals may expect regarding their existing tax burdens.
However, there’s always a catch in the fine print. Dischargeable taxes often come with stipulations. For instance, payroll taxes, as well as fraud penalties tied to taxes, cannot be discharged, preserving a lingering financial obligation for the taxpayer. Knowing these distinctions is crucial for individuals contemplating this route.
Chapter Thirteen Bankruptcy
In contrast to Chapter Seven, Chapter Thirteen bankruptcy is designed for those who have a steady income but find themselves in a financial jam. It allows individuals to restructure their debts through a repayment plan spanning three to five years.
Repayment Plan
The repayment plan characteristic of Chapter Thirteen essentially serves as a lifeline. Instead of wiping the slate clean, individuals agree to repay their debts over time, often at reduced amounts. This option is beneficial for those with valuable assets they want to keep, like a house or a car.
It's particularly compelling because this plan enables individuals to catch up on missed payments while also making arrangements for future obligations through a manageable monthly plan. A unique feature here is that the plan must be approved by the bankruptcy court, ensuring that the interests of creditors and the debtors are balanced. Yet, sticking to the plan necessitates strict budgeting and commitment, which can be challenging.
Tax Obligations during Repayment
Tax obligations during repayment can feel somewhat daunting. Even while making monthly payments under Chapter Thirteen, taxpayers must remain aware of their obligations to file annual tax returns. It’s essential to stay current on taxes owed that accrue during the repayment period.
This aspect underlines the importance of informed financial management. New income tax debts incurred can complicate matters, potentially leading to further issues down the road. Additionally, if the plan lasts longer than anticipated, the debtor could lose any potential discharge of future tax liabilities. Appreciating these nuances can empower individuals to navigate their responsibilities more effectively.
Understanding these two types of bankruptcy—each with its distinct characteristics and implications—gives individuals battling financial strain vital insight. With careful consideration of which option suits their circumstances best, they enhance their chances for a fruitful recovery.
Tax Debt Discharge and Relief
Understanding the tax debt discharge and relief is vital for anyone who has gone through the bankruptcy process. This topic not only highlights potential ways to alleviate financial burdens but also underscores the significance of selecting the appropriate type of bankruptcy for one’s situation. Rather than accept tax debts as inevitable, individuals can explore paths that might allow for relief, thus reshaping their financial trajectory. Given the complexities and nuances involved, securing an informed position on tax debt can lead to a better post-bankruptcy recovery.
Eligibility for Discharge
Criteria for Tax Debt
Determining whether tax debt qualifies for discharge hinges on several specific criteria. Generally, for tax debts to be considered for discharge during bankruptcy, they must satisfy three primary conditions: the tax return must have been due at least three years before filing, it must have been filed for at least two years, and the tax must have been assessed within 240 days prior to filing.
This assessment can significantly influence an individual’s outcomes because it lays the groundwork for how tax debts are treated in bankruptcy. A key characteristic of the criteria for tax debt is the adherence to strict timelines, which may prove beneficial for those who have a clear understanding of their situations. Individuals willing to engage with tax experts can effectively navigate these criteria, enhancing possibilities for a positive outcome. The precise nature of these stipulations makes it easier for filers to estimate which debts can potentially be wiped clean, granting a fresh start from taxing obligations.
Consequences of Non-Dischargeable Debt
When exploring bankruptcy options, it's equally important to understand the consequences of non-dischargeable debt. Certain tax debts, such as those tied to fraud or trust fund recovery penalties, cannot be wiped away in bankruptcy. This feature remains critical because it affects planning and expectations.
The major consequence here is the enduring obligation to pay these debts, which can create beleaguering stress after an already challenging bankruptcy process. Filers must recognize that pursuing bankruptcy doesn't automatically erase all tax-related liabilities, leading to vulnerabilities in their financial strategy moving forward. This creates a unique situation where more extensive planning may be necessary to manage these lingering debts, potentially underlining the importance of consulting with a knowledgeable tax advisor.
Types of Tax Debts
Income Taxes
Income taxes represent a common contention within the tax debt discussion. These debts might often qualify for discharge under bankruptcy law if certain conditions are met. Importantly, the variables around eligibility for discharge based on when returns are due or filed often become the crux of misunderstandings.
Notably, income taxes have the advantage of being among those debts that, if eligible, can genuinely relieve an individual from significant financial distress. They serve as a powerful tool for many seeking to rebuild their lives. However, they should also be approached with caution since the discharge criteria are stringent, and any lapse may lead to future complications.
Payroll Taxes
Delving into payroll taxes reveals another dimension of tax liabilities. Businesses struggling with bankruptcy often owe payroll taxes, specifically their own contribution alongside withholdings intended for employee wages. Unfortunately, these types of taxes are generally non-dischargeable, placing businesses and sole proprietors in a precarious situation.
The characteristic of payroll taxes as a fiduciary duty means they carry a heavier load compared to others. While burdensome, the obligation exists to pay these taxes even if one is in bankruptcy. This can lead to a cycle of debt, notably affecting future financial stability, requiring extensive planning and possibly seeking professional guidance to manage effectively.
Sales Taxes
Finally, sales taxes are another form of tax debt that warrants attention. Similar to payroll taxes, sales taxes generally cannot be discharged in bankruptcy unless they fit into the strict eligibility categories. Businesses often find themselves dealing with accumulated sales tax debts, sometimes leading to personal liability for business owners.
This type of tax carries the complication of ongoing compliance responsibilities even during bankruptcy, which can become quite onerous for those in difficult financial situations. Understanding that these debts may remain after bankruptcy can inform a debtor's approach to future business operations and tax filing, ultimately forging a more resilient recovery path post-bankruptcy.
Filing Taxes Post-Bankruptcy
The aftermath of bankruptcy carries weights of responsibility, especially regarding tax filings. When an individual or entity navigates through bankruptcy, understanding tax obligations becomes crucial. Ignoring these aspects can lead to a slew of issues, including unexpected liabilities in the future. This section will break down tax filing responsibilities and the impact of bankruptcy on potential refunds.
Tax Filing Responsibilities
Annual Tax Returns
Filing annual tax returns is a necessity as taxes don't just disappear with bankruptcy. Often, many individuals think that bankruptcy wipes the slate clean completely. However, that's simply not the case with federal tax returns. A key characteristic of annual tax returns post-bankruptcy is that they must be filed every year regardless of one's financial condition.
One vital advantage of fulfilling this requirement is staying in the good graces of the IRS. Filing your returns on time builds credibility and avoids penalties, enhancing your financial standing in the long run. Additionally, a unique feature of annual tax returns relates to the ability to report losses. Should one have incurred losses before filing for bankruptcy, these can often be utilized to offset taxable income, aiding the individual in managing their tax responsibilities effectively.
On the flip side, failing to file can lead to complications; the IRS may impose fines, or it might lead to a more complex tax situation down the line. So, staying on top of these requirements is essential for anyone seeking to stabilize their post-bankruptcy financial health after a shaky period.
Reportable Income
The issue of reportable income is another critical element that mustn't be overlooked. Post-bankruptcy, individuals must report all sources of income, be it from a job, a side hustle, or even unemployment benefits. The noteworthy aspect here is the clarity and directness in reporting all forms of income, which plays a key role in defining one’s tax situation.
Reportable income serves as a yardstick to gauge how financial recovery is progressing. For many, it becomes a useful lens through which one can view their progress post-bankruptcy and drive future financial decisions. Moreover, an interesting feature of reportable income is that it también includes potential tax refunds or credits that might come into play post-bankruptcy.
A significant downside is that any increases in reportable income may lead to higher tax liabilities, complicating what was intended to be a fresh start. It’s crucial to keep in mind that not all income sources are treated equally; some might have different tax implications, necessitating meticulous attention to detail.
Impact on Refunds
The implications of bankruptcy extend to tax refunds as well, meaning it is not all doom and gloom after filing. Understanding these dynamics can be the difference between financial recovery and additional burdens.
Refund Possibilities post-Bankruptcy
After bankruptcy, individuals might be surprised to find that they can still receive tax refunds. This can serve as a significant boon during a challenging financial recovery phase. A salient point regarding refunds post-bankruptcy is that they can be used to assist in rebuilding one’s financial health. Perhaps one could allocate them towards paying down debts or reinvesting into necessary expenses.
Additionally, one unique feature of these refunds is that they may still be claimed even if the individual had tax debt prior to bankruptcy, provided those taxes meet the discharge criteria. However, it is essential to stay informed about any deductions that may come from eligibility criteria. For some, there may be a feeling of hope associated with receiving funds that can help to kickstart a new chapter in their lives.
Offsetting Refunds with Debt
On the contrary, the downside presents itself with the risk that tax refunds could be used to offset ongoing debts. In many cases, the IRS has the legal ability to offset a refund against outstanding tax liabilities that were not discharged during bankruptcy proceedings. It’s a situation that can catch individuals off guard if they haven't done their homework.
The unique feature of offsetting refunds is certainly concerning for many who are looking at their financial recovery with careful eyes. While the intent behind this practice may be to ensure that debts are satisfied, it might strip away much-needed resources at a critical juncture. Individuals must strategize accordingly, ensuring that they understand what debts remain and how it may affect their financial recovery framework.
In sum, navigating tax filing post-bankruptcy is anything but simple. With responsibilities tied to annual returns, reportable income, and the uncertainty of refunds prevalent, it's imperative for individuals to seek reliable information and, when possible, professional assistance to ensure they’re not left in a lurch down the road.
Rebuilding Financial Health
Rebuilding financial health post-bankruptcy is akin to planting a garden—requires time, patience, and the right conditions. Understanding tax implications plays a key role in this effort. First off, this isn't just about stabilizing finances and getting back on track; it's also about preventing future pitfalls, which can easily set one back on a slippery slope.
When folks emerge from bankruptcy proceedings, their financial landscape may look barren. The task of reclamation often involves digging into long-term planning and maintenance that keeps one from facing the same hang-ups down the line.
Long-Term Tax Planning
Understanding Deductions
Understanding deductions is like finding the hidden gems in your tax return; they can lighten your tax burden significantly. Deductions lower taxable income and thus can lead to savings that are crucial when starting afresh. The mainstay of this process lies in knowing which deductions apply to your situation. For instance, if you're in the process of rebuilding after bankruptcy, certain expenses like job search costs or certain educational expenses may qualify.
Moreover, spending time identifying all possible deductions is beneficial as it sets a solid groundwork for sustainable financial management. It’s often a popular choice since it gives individuals a chance to recover some of the tax payments. On the flip side, finding precise documentation can be arduous, and missing out on even a single deduction can cost someone significantly. Just remember, the earlier one starts understanding and leveraging deductions, the better.
Importance of Record Keeping
Record keeping is not just a chore; it's an essential practice that fortifies financial health. Having accurate documentation of income, expenses, and deductions can make tax filing much simpler and more efficient in the long run. Think of records as breadcrumbs that can lead you back to where your money went.
One key aspect of keeping good records is that it helps to stay organized. After bankruptcy, clarity in financial matters can alleviate stress and instill confidence. Everything from receipts to bank statements should be filed systematically. However, it can feel overwhelming if handled carelessly, so utilizing apps or tools that simplify this task can be advantageous. It allows one to focus on the long game rather than the nitty-gritty details.
Avoiding Future Bankruptcy
Establishing a Budget
Establishing a budget is a fundamental practice that can serve as a financial lifeline. It's not merely a list of income and expenses; it is a strategy that can guide spending habits while enabling saving for unforeseen expenses. A budget promotes financial discipline and accountability
during post-bankruptcy recovery. Moreover, it empowers individuals to make informed choices about where to allocate their funds. However, it isn't always a smooth path. The challenge often lies in sticking to it.
A unique feature of a well-planned budget is flexibility. Individuals can adjust it as circumstances change, providing a dynamic approach to managing finances. If adhered to, this can greatly decrease the likelihood of falling into financial distress once more.
Monitoring Credit Health
Monitoring credit health is akin to keeping an eye on a fragile plant; it needs regular checks to flourish. After bankruptcy, individuals should utilize tools and services that help track their credit scores and offer reporting on changes. This is crucial as credit scores play an instrumental role in future loan prospects and leasing agreements. It’s a beneficial practice for two reasons: it keeps one informed and enables quick action should any discrepancies arise.
One significant feature of monitoring credit is the insight it provides into overall financial habits. By analyzing credit usage, repayment timeliness, and inquiries, individuals can become more aware of areas needing improvement. However, while this proactive approach is beneficial, the information can sometimes feel overwhelming. Finding the right resources and platforms can mitigate this issue.
Keeping an eye on your credit post-bankruptcy is crucial; it’s your ticket to better financial opportunities.
Rebuilding financial health post-bankruptcy is not merely about biding time until debts are cleared. It’s a structured effort that requires planning, discipline, and insight. With effective long-term tax planning and rooted spending habits, one can steer clear of future pitfalls and emerge stronger.
State-Specific Considerations
Bankruptcy laws, while rooted in federal statutes, vary significantly from one state to another. These variations are not trivial; understanding them can greatly influence how individuals navigate the bankruptcy process, especially in relation to tax obligations. For anyone facing bankruptcy, grasping these state-specific nuances is essential for making informed decisions. Among the key aspects to consider are the state laws governing exemptions, the treatment of tax debts, and the general disposition of bankruptcy proceedings.
Variations in State Laws
One of the most impactful variations lies in the treatment of exemptions during bankruptcy filings. Each state allows debtors to protect a certain amount of equity in their property, but the specifics differ widely. For instance, some states like California and Florida have generous homestead exemptions, allowing individuals to retain their homes even when filing for bankruptcy. In contrast, other states may offer more limited protections.
Additionally, some states have unique laws regarding the prioritization of tax debts. For example:
- States like Massachusetts generally allow for the discharge of older income tax debts under certain conditions, while newer tax debts might not be as easily dischargeable.
- In Texas, unpaid property taxes can complicate bankruptcy filings, as these taxes are often considered secured debts.
Thus, it’s crucial to do your homework on local laws or consult a knowledgeable attorney who can provide insight tailored to your specific situation. To simplify complexities, you may want to check resources like Nolo.com or your state's government website for up-to-date information on exemptions and bankruptcy proceedings.
State Tax Liabilities Post-Bankruptcy
Upon successfully navigating through bankruptcy, it’s important to have a clear understanding of any lingering state tax liabilities that might exist. While federal bankruptcy laws create a framework, state tax obligations can still apply in various ways. Here are a few considerations regarding state tax liabilities after bankruptcy:
- Future Tax Responsibilities: After bankruptcy, individuals are still required to file state tax returns each year. Even if certain debts are discharged, forthcoming income could be subject to taxation.
- Filing Required: It's essential to continue fulfilling state tax filing requirements; failure to do so can lead to penalties.
- Refund Implications: Some states may offset tax refunds against outstanding debts, so being aware of this can help in financial planning. In states like New York, refunds can potentially be seized for owed state taxes, despite bankruptcy protection on other debts.
"Understanding your state’s tax implications post-bankruptcy is as crucial as grasping the bankruptcy process itself."
Navigating the intersection of state law and tax liabilities demands diligence and foresight. To further explore state-specific tax obligations, consulting with a tax professional or attorney is advisable. They can provide tailored advice based on your state’s unique laws, ensuring you remain compliant in your financial recovery after bankruptcy.
Finale
When it comes to navigating the intricate relationship between bankruptcy and taxes, comprehending the tax implications is pivotal. This section wraps up the essential aspects discussed in the article while highlighting the importance of being informed and prepared.
Summarizing Key Insights on Bankruptcy and Taxes
Throughout this article, we've examined several key insights that shape one's understanding of how bankruptcy affects tax obligations. First, the type of bankruptcy filed—be it Chapter Seven, which may allow for certain tax debts to be discharged under specific conditions, or Chapter Thirteen, requiring ongoing tax obligations during a repayment plan—plays a crucial role.
Furthermore, it’s worth noting that not all tax debts are equal. Many people may not realize that income taxes might be discharged, while payroll taxes are generally not. These nuances are vital for anyone considering bankruptcy to understand the potential relief and limitations specific to their situations.
Another significant takeaway is the impact of bankruptcy on future tax returns. Post-bankruptcy, individuals must remain vigilant about their tax responsibilities while simultaneously working towards financial recovery. Filing annual tax returns accurately and understanding what constitutes reportable income can affect an individual's financial trajectory post-bankruptcy.
Final Thoughts on Navigating Tax Obligations
Lastly, the journey of dealing with tax obligations after bankruptcy doesn’t end with filing returns or settling debts. It's essential for individuals to stay proactive in their financial health management, crafting a meaningful budget, and regularly monitoring their credit status. With the right tactics and guidance, individuals can not only navigate their current economic difficulties but also pave the way for a stable financial future.
"Knowledge is power, especially when it comes to understanding your debts and rights after filing for bankruptcy."
For further insights and resources, consider visiting reliable sites like IRS.gov, Nolo.com, and USA.gov.
